Genetic Control of Protein Synthei s s, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction Virtually everyone knows that the genes, located in the nuclei of all cells of the body, control heredity from parents to children, but most people do not realize that these same genes also control day-today function of all the body’s cells. The genes control cell function by determining which substances are synthesized within the cell which structures, which enzymes, which chemicals. The general schema of genetic control : Each gene, which is a nucleic acid called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), automatically controls the formation of another nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid (RNA); this RNA then spreads throughout the cell to control the formation of a specific protein. Because there are more than 30,000 different genes in each cell, it is theoretically possible to form a very large number of different cellular proteins. Some of the cellular proteins are structural proteins, which, in associati...
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